Abstract
The seasonal occurrence of fungi were varied in different seasons. Seasonal variation affect growth and yield a crop, primarily by changing its phenological development process. The fungi bring about the chemical changes in seed, increase respiration rate of seed after contamination. Seed quality play an important role in establishment of health crop stands. The aim of the study was investigate the mycoflora associated with quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) seeds collected from different seasons (winter, summer and rainy). Quinoa seeds collected from 5 different places (Agra, Mathura, Noida, Ghaziabad, Aligarh) of U.P. region were studied of occurrence fungi during 3 seasons i.e. winter, summer and rainy. In all 25 fungi were isolated by using ISTA techniques. The maximum occurrence of mycoflora was obtained during rainy season but more decreased during winter and summer season.
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is an annual dicotyledonous seed producing belonging to the Amaranthaceae family (Alternaria alternata, A. candidus, A. flavus). From the region of Andean, Peru and Belvia considered main center of origin (A. fumigatus, A. nidulans, A. niger). The worldwide spread of quinoa cultivation has also been supported by the food and agriculture organization of the United Nations (FAO). Which believes in the potential of this species. FAO declared 2013 as the "International year of Quinoa". Quinoa is rich in carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, but also in minerals and vitamins other beneficial compound such as polyphenols and carotenoids (A. niger). In additionally, quinoa is gluten free, with a low glycemic index and it is suitable for patients affected by type 2 diabetes (A. niger). The presence in quionoa seed of mycotoxigenic fungi mainly belonging to the general Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria, Fusarium has also been investigated by before studies (F. solani, Helminthosporium sp). Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 has been reported also in one baby food sample based on rice and quiona (Helminthosporium sp) and in one quinoa flour contamination and fungal infestation during stored could reduce germination, quality of seed, seed vigour.
Keywords
Mycoflora, Quinoa Seeds, Seasons
References
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