Economic analysis of Onion production in Bihar: Insight into cost of cultivation, post-harvest management and constraint identification

Abstract

Onion, a hardy cool-season biennial widely cultivated as an annual crop, holds substantial economic significance worldwide. India ranks as the second-largest onion producer globally, cultivating the crop across an area of 10.64 lakh hectares with an annual yield of 151.18 lakh metric tonnes. Among the major onion-producing states, Bihar ranks 5th in cultivation area and fourth in production volume and productivity. The state's prominent onion-growing regions, particularly Nalanda and Sheikhpura, contribute significantly to its agricultural economy. Sheikhpura's onions, known for their reddish hue, pungent flavor, and medium size, are even in demand in neighbouring countries like Bangladesh and Nepal. Bihar cultivates a diverse range of onion varieties, including Pusa Red, Patna Red, Pusa Madhvi, and Arka Pragati. Despite its rising prominence as a key onion-producing state, Bihar lacks comprehensive research on critical factors affecting onion production, such as cost of cultivation, post-harvest management practices, and marketing dynamics. These aspects are essential for understanding the constraints faced by onion growers, particularly in the state’s pivotal regions. This study provides an economic analysis of onion production in Bihar, focusing on the cost of cultivation, post-harvest management, and constraints encountered by farmers. By evaluating production practices and marketing mechanisms, the research aims to identify opportunities for improving productivity, reducing post-harvest losses, and enhancing market linkages. Insights from this study are expected to contribute to formulating evidence-based strategies for sustainable onion cultivation in Bihar, addressing the challenges faced by farmers, and bolstering the state's position as a significant player in the national onion market.