Different diseases and insect pathogens in Cajanus cajan that causes economic loses: A review

Abstract

Cajanus cajan is a very important legume crop, it is used as both food crop and forage crop. Pigeon pea is grown in rainy season (July-October) and post rainy (November January) season and is successfully grown in black cotton soil with temperature ranging 
from 20˚C to 26˚C and pH 7-8.5. More than 80% of Pigeon pea is produced in 6 major states of India namely Jharkhand, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra. The various parts of plant contain many components like the root bark contain flavanoids (cjaflavanone, cajanone and triterpenes), leaves can be used against respiratory condition like bronchitis and cough, flowers and leaves is diuretic and is used as diabetes remedy etc. There are some major pest of pigeon pea which attack during different stages of growth like firstly Pod Borers- its infestation starts within 90days after sowing, the female lays yellowish colour eggs which feed on leaves in starting and later on pods resulting in makings small holes in pods and as the time passes the larva changes its 
colour, to prevent the crop from damage we can Spray it with fenvalerate (e.g. Fenfen) or cypermethrin (e.g. Ripcord or Cymbush) etc. Secondly comes Tur Pod Fly it is a small black colour fly which lay eggs on the immature pods and after the larva is fully grows it 
tends to damage the wall of pods, it remains unnoticed to the farmer until it is fully grown therefore, to prevent the crop from getting damage we can Spray Quinalphos 25 EC or Phenthoate 50 EC at 50 % flowering stage and after 10 - 15 days neem seed kernel extract 
should be used. And then Plume Moth, the adult moth is small and slender in shape with wings greyish in colour whereas, the larva stage is greenish – brown in colour with hair and spine projection, it lays minute eggs on the shoots or pods. We can control it by 
dusting 4 per cent or emulsion of phosalone 0.07 per cent or Endosulfan 0.07 % or Dusting of Endosulfan 4% or corboryl 10% 0r dust at 25 kg/ha once at initiation of flowering. Lastly comes Diseases like Sterility mosaic disease and wilt, these two indicates late 
symptoms and damage the leaves by changing its colour and changing the colour of stem. This review gives a brief review about the different diseases and insect pathogens in Cajanus cajan present during the growth stages.