Impact of long-term fertilization on soil fertility dynamics and Rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield

Abstract

Long-term fertilization strategies significantly influence soil fertility and crop productivity especially in rice-based systems. This study was conducted during the 2024 growing season at the Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Department of Agronomy, Dera Ismail Khan to evaluate the effects of different long-term fertilization regimes effecting nutrient turnover in soil and growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield. The experiment comprised five treatments: control (no fertilizer), recommended NPK, integrated applications of NPK and farmyard manure (FYM), FYM alone and compost. Results revealed that the integrated application of 50% NPK + 50% FYM significantly improved soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content and rice grain yield compared to other treatments. Sole chemical fertilization enhanced short-term nutrient availability but led to soil acidification and reduced microbial activity over time. The findings advocate for integrated nutrient management to sustain soil health and optimize rice productivity under semiarid agro-climatic conditions.