Genetic variability in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss)

The data were recorded on five random selected plants for 12 quantitative characters and statistical analyzed. The analysis of variance for all the twelve characters is showed the mean square due to genotypes was highly significant. The mean values of various characters like days to 50 per cent flowering were recorded maximum for genotype IC560719 and Pusa Karishma (84.00 days)with mean 69.08 days The maximum days to 75% maturity were observed in IC-560700 genotype (142.00 days) with a mean of 135.07 days. The plant height highest recorded in the genotype IC-560696 (217.60 cm) with mean of 188.14 cm. The maximum number of primary branches per plant (16.47) was recorded in the genotype NPJ-113 with mean of 10.13. The genotype NPJ-113 produced maximum number of secondary branches per plant (35.47) with mean of 19.78. The maximum length of siliqua was recorded for Kranti (7.03) with mean of 5.24cm. The maximum number of seeds per siliqua was recorded in Kranti genotype (19.13) with mean value 14.91. The maximum 1000-seed weight recorded 5.57g for Pusa Jai Kisan with mean wt. 3.96 g. Pusa Mustard-21 produced highest biological yield (191.13g) with mean 79.00g. The genotype Pusa Jagannath had maximum harvest index (30.98%) with mean value 23.87%. The oil content in mustard maximum in 42.00 % were recorded in Pusa Agrani with mean oil content was 39.16 percent. The genotype Pusa Mustard-21 showed highest seed yield per plant (47.00g) with a mean seed yield of 18.58. The higher heritability estimates in broad sense for biological yield per plant (99.6%), number of primary branches per plant (91.4%), number of secondary branches per plant (98.4) plant height (99.2%), 1000-seed weight (99.4%) and days to 50 per cent flowering (98.5). Expected genetic advance at 5% selection intensity was recorded higher for biological yield per plant (71.60) and number secondary branches per plant (10.87).

Mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss) is very important rabi oilseed crop of India. Because of acute shortage of oil seed in the country, we are importing lot of oil from different part of world. Brassica is the world second importing oilseed crop. Rapeseed and mustard crops which ranked second after groundnut in area and production play most vital role in agricultural economy of our country because of oil and fats apart from farming an indispensable part of human diet, it also serve as important raw material for the industry and trade. It occupies 24.7 percent of the total oil seeds area and contributes 22.9 percent to the oil seeds production of the country (Anonymous, 2010) Breeding for high seed yield and other economic characters is a very important object in crop improvement programme. Yield is a complex character dependent on a number of other characters. Improvement of crop plants depends upon the magnitude of genetic variability of different quantitative characters, therefore, the measurement evaluation and manipulation as genetic variability in desired direction becomes extremely important in any yield improvement programme. The extent of genetic variability in a specific breeding population depends upon the genotypes included in it. Heritability and genetic advance are important selection parameters. Heritability estimates along with genetic advance are normally more helpful in predicting the grain under selection than heritable estimates alone. However, it is not necessary that a characters showing high heritability will also exhibited high genetic advance (Johnson et al., 1955).

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